Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC)
MOH CPD Category A8: 5 points
1st October 2026
Authors:
- Synopsis: Nur Diniah binti Shaharum
- Module 1: Wan Ruwaida bt Wan Mokhtar
- Module 2: Dr. Shamala Ayadurai
- Module 3: Ng Sin Ye
- Module 4: Khairunnisa Binti Zamri
- Module 5: Dr. Shamala Ayadurai
Previous Authors:
- Albert Ting Siong Hung
- Ching Min Wei
- Malathi Sriraman @ Jayaraman
- Dr. Navin Kumar Loganadan
Revised by:
- Clinical Pharmacy Committee (Diabetes Mellitus Subspecialty), Ministry of Health Malaysia
Reviewed by:
- Gina Koay Wan Lee
- Ng Yi Ling
This module consists of five chapters related to the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Chapter 1 discusses the prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia and the benefits of reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) especially in reducing diabetes related complications. It elaborates on the DMTAC service, its protocol including relevant forms utilised when providing this service.
Chapter 2 summarises the 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of T2DM. This chapter includes treatment algorithms to provide individualised patient care.
Chapter 3 covers the various classes of oral glucose lowering drugs, including the mechanisms of action, formulations and dosages, methods of administration, adverse reactions, and contraindications.
Chapter 4 describes the types of insulin available either in government or private healthcare institutions in Malaysia. This guide is meant for all healthcare professionals especially pharmacists involved in the management of patients with T2DM. It covers insulin regimens, initiation, optimisation and intensification.
Chapter 5 presents diabetes related complications. It includes the acute and chronic complications in detail.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIABETES MEDICATION THERAPY ADHERENCE CLINIC (DMTAC)
1.1 STATUS OF DIABETES IN MALAYSIA
1.2 ADHERENCE STATUS OF DIABETES PATIENTS
1.3 IMPACT OF REDUCING HBA1C IN DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
1.4 WHAT IS DMTAC?
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF DMTAC
1.6 BENEFIT OF PHARMACIST-LED DIABETES CLINIC
1.7 SCOPE OF DIABETES MTAC SERVICE
1.8 PATIENT SELECTION
1.9 WORKFLOW OF DMTAC DURING FIRST VISIT
1.10 WORKFLOW OF DMTAC FOR SUBSEQUENT FOLLOW-UP VISITS
1.11 DMTAC DOCUMENTATION AND TOOLS
1.12 DISCHARGE CRITERIA
CHAPTER 2: SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF T2DM
2.1 SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF T2DM
2.2 MANAGEMENT OF T2DM
2.3 MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES EMERGENCIES
2.4 MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS
2.5 DIABETES IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
2.6 PREVENTION OF T2DM
2.7 COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY IN T2DM
CHAPTER 3: PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ORAL ANTIDIABETES AGENTS
3.1 CLASSES OF ORAL ANTIDIABETES AGENTS
3.1.1 BIGUANIDES
3.1.2 SULPHONYLUREAS (SUS)
3.1.3 MEGLITINIDES
3.1.4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (TZDS)
3.1.5 ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS (AGIS)
3.1.6 DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 (DPP-4) INHIBITORS
3.1.7 SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER- 2 (SGLT-2) INHIBITORS
3.1.8 INCRETIN MIMETICS: GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS
CHAPTER 4: INSULIN THERAPY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 INSULIN PREPARATIONS
4.3 ANALOGUE INSULIN
4.4 INSULIN REGIMEN
4.5 INSULIN INITIATION, OPTIMISATION AND INTENSIFICATION
CHAPTER 5: DIABETES AND COMPLICATIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 ACUTE COMPLICATIONS
5.3 CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS
